Publications

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  1. Schwaner M. J. , Mayfield D. L. , Azizi E., Daley M. A. 2024. Linking in vivo muscle dynamics to in situ force-length and force-velocity reveals that guinea fowl lateral gastrocnemius operates at shorter than optimal lengths. J Exp Biol 2024; jeb.246879. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.246879
  2. Horner AM, Azizi E, Roberts TJ. 2024. The interaction of in vivo muscle operating lengths and passive stiffness in rat hindlimbs. J Exp Biol 1 March 2024; 227 (5): jeb246280. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.246280
  3. Tsai, L., Navarro, P., Wu, S., Levinson, T., Mendoza, E., J. Schwaner, M., & Ilton, M. 2024. Viscoelastic materials are most energy efficient when loaded and unloaded at equal rates. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 21(210), 20230527. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2023.0527
  4. Sleboda, D., Roberts, T., & Azizi, E. 2024. Architectural gear ratio depends on actuator spacing in a physical model of pennate muscle. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. DOI 10.1088/1748-3190/ad1b2b
  5. Arias, A. A., & Azizi, E. 2023. Modulation of limb mechanics in alligators moving across varying grades. Journal of Experimental Biology, 226(22) https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.246025
  6. Mendoza E, Martinez M, Olberding JP, Azizi E. 2023. The effects of temperature on elastic energy storage and release in a system with a dynamic mechanical advantage latch. Journal of Experimental Biology  226 (19): jeb245805. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.245805
  7. Divi S, Reynaga CM, Azizi E, Bergbreiter S. 2023. Adapting small jumping robots to compliant environments. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 20(200) DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0778
  8. Duman A, Azizi E. 2023. Hindlimb muscle spindles inform preparatory forelimb coordination prior to landing in toads. Journal of Experimental Biology .226 (2) Doi : 10.1242/jeb.244629
  9. Hyun NP , Olberding JP, De A, Divi S, Liang X, Thomas E, St Pierre R, Steinhardt E, Jorge J, Longo SJ, Cox S, Mendoza E, Sutton GP, Azizi E, Crosby AJ, Bergbreiter S, Wood RJ, Patek SN 2022. Spring and latch dynamics can act as control pathways in ultrafast systems. Bioinspiration and Biomimetics. DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acaa7c.  
  10. Mendoza E, Azizi E. 2021. Tuned muscle and spring properties increase elastic energy storage. Journal of Experimental Biology. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243180.
  11. Nguyen A, Balaban JP, Azizi E, Talmage RJ, Lappin AK. 2020. Fatigue resistant jaw muscles facilitate long-lasting courtship behaviour in the southern alligator lizard (Elgaria multicarinata) Proceedings of Royal Society B. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1578.
  12. Mendoza E, Azizi E, Moen DS 2020. What explains vast differences in jumping power within a clade? Diversity, ecology and evolution of anuran jumping power. Functional Ecology. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13545.
  13. Roberts TJ, Eng CM, Sleboda DA, Holt NC, Brainerd EL, Stover KK, Marsh RL, Azizi E 2019.  The multi-scale three-dimensional nature of muscle contraction. Physiology. DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00023.2019.
  14. Reynaga CM, Eaton CE, Strong GA*, Azizi E 2019. Compliant substrates disrupt elastic energy storage in jumping tree frogs. Integrative and Comparative Biology. DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz069.
  15.  Sutton GP, Mendoza E, Azizi E, Longo SJ, Olberding JP, Ilton M, Patek SN 2019. Why do Large Animals Never Actuate Their Jumps with Latch-Mediated Springs? Because They can Jump Higher Without Them.  Integrative and Comparative Biology. DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz145. 
  16. Olberding JP, Deban SM, Rosario MV, Azizi E 2019. Modeling the Determinants of Mechanical Advantage During Jumping: Consequences for Spring- and Muscle-Driven Movement. Integrative and Comparative Biology. DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz139. 
  17. Schulz JR, Jan I*, Sangha G*, Azizi E 2019. Moving at a Snail’s Pace: The high-speed radular prey strike of a fish-hunting cone snail. Current Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.034.
  18. SJ Longo, SM Cox, E Azizi, M Ilton, JP Olberding, R St Pierre, SN Patek 2019. Beyond power amplification: latch-mediated spring actuation is an emerging framework for the study of diverse elastic systems.  Journal of Experimental Biology. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.197889. 
  19. Reynaga CM, Astley HC, Azizi E 2018. Morphological and kinematic specializations of walking frogs. Journal of Experimental Zoology A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology. DOI: 10.1002/jez.2182. 
    Press coverage from Science magazine
    Press coverage from Treehugger magazine
    Press coverage by Seeker
  20. Ilton M, Bhamla S, Ma X, Cox SM, Fitchett LL, Kim Y, Koh J, Krishnamurthy D,  Kuo C, Temel FZ, Crosby AJ, Prakash M, Sutton GP, Wood RJ, Azizi E, Bergbreiter S,  Patek SN 2018.  The principles of cascading power limits in small, fast biological and engineered systems. Science. 360, 6387. 
    Press coverage from Wired magazine
    Press coverage from Quanta magazine
  21. Eng CM, Azizi E, Roberts TJ 2018. Structural Determinants of Muscle Gearing During Dynamic Contractions, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 58, Issue 2, Pages 207–218, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icy054
  22. Balaban JP, Azizi E 2017. Lowering metabolic rate mitigates muscle atrophy in western fence lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology. 220:2748-2756. 
  23. Azizi E, Deslauriers AR, Holt NC, Eaton CE 2017. Resistance to radial expansion limits muscle strain and work. Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. doi: 10.1007/s10237-017-0909-3.
  24. Danos N, Holt NC, Sawicki GS, Azizi E 2016. Modeling age-related changes in muscle tendon dynamics during cyclical contractions in the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00396.2016. 
  25. Arellano CJ, Gidmark NJ, Konow N, Azizi E, & Roberts TJ 2016.Determinants of aponeurosis shape change during muscle contraction. Journal of Biomechanics. 49 (9) 1812-1817.
  26. Holt NC, Danos N, Roberts TJ & Azizi E 2016. Stuck in gear: age related loss of variable gearing in skeletal muscle. Journal of Experimental Biology. 219: 998-1003.
  27. Holt NC, & Azizi E 2016. The effect of activation level on muscle function during locomotion: are optimal lengths and velocities always used? Proceedings of Royal Society B doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2832.
  28. Sawicki GS, Robertson BD, Azizi E, & Roberts TJ 2015. Timing matters: tuning the mechanics of a muscle-tendon unit by adjusting stimulation phase during cyclic contractions. Journal of Experimental Biology.  doi: 10.1242/ jeb.121673.
  29. Danos N & Azizi E 2015. Passive stiffness of hindlimb muscles in anurans with distinct locomotor specializations. Zoology. 118(4): 239-247. pdf
  30. Azizi E, *Larson NP, Abbott EM & Danos 2014. Reduce torques and stick the landing: limb posture during landing in toads. Journal of Experimental Biology. doi: 10.1242/jeb.108506.
  31. Holt NC & Azizi E 2014. What drives activation-dependent shifts in the force-length curve? Biology Letters. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0651. pdf
  32. Azizi E & Deslauriers AR 2014. Regional heterogeneity in muscle fiber strain: the role of fiber architecture. Frontiers in Physiology. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00303.
  33. Gillis GB, Ekstrom L, & Azizi E 2014. Biomechanics and control of landing in toads. Integrative and Comparative Biology. doi:10.1093/icb/icu053.
  34. Azizi E 2014. Locomotor function shapes the passive mechanical properties and operating lengths of muscle. Proceedings of Royal Society B. 281: 1783.
  35. Azizi E & Roberts TJ 2014. Geared up to stretch: pennate muscle behavior during active lengthening. J.  Experimental Biology. 217: 376-381. 
  36. Astley HC, Abbott EM, Azizi E, Marsh RL, & Roberts TJ 2013. Chasing maximal performance: a cautionary tale from the celebrated jumping frogs of Calaveras County. J. Experimental Biology. 216: 3947-3953.
  37. Azizi E & Roberts TJ 2013. Variable gearing in a biologically-inspired pneumatic actuator array. Bioinspiration and Biomimetics. 8: doi:10.1088/1748-3182/8/2/026002.
  38. Azizi E & Abbott EM 2013. Anticipatory motor patterns limit muscle stretch during landing in toads. Biology Letters. 9:  doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.1045.
  39. Konow N, Azizi E, & Roberts TJ 2012. Muscle power attenuation by tendon during energy dissipation. Proceedings of Royal Society B. 279: 1108-1113.
  40. Roberts TJ, Abbott EM, & Azizi E 2011. The weak link: Do muscle properties determine locomotor performance in frogs. Philos.Trans. of Royal Society B. 366: 1488-1495.
  41. Roberts TJ, & Azizi E 2011. Flexible mechanisms: The diverse roles of biological springs in vertebrate movement. J. Experimental Biology. 214: 353-361.
  42. . Roberts TJ, & Azizi E 2010. The series elastic shock absorber: Tendons attenuate muscle power during energy-absorbing actions. J. Applied Physiology. 109: 396-404.
  43. Azizi E, & Roberts TJ 2010. Muscle performance during frog jumping: influence of elasticity on muscle operating lengths. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 277: 1523-1530.
  44. Landberg T & Azizi E 2010. Ontogeny of escape swimming performance in the spotted salamander. Functional Ecology. 24(3): 576-587.
  45. Azizi E, & Roberts TJ 2009. Biaxial strain and variable stiffness in aponeuroses. J. Physiology-London. 587: 4309-4318.
  46. Azizi E, & Roberts TJ 2009. Sheet-like tendons are stiffened by bulging muscles. Physiology News. 77: 28-29.
  47. Azizi E, *Halenda GM, & Roberts TJ 2009. Mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis in wild turkeys. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 49: 51-58.
  48. Azizi E, Brainerd EL, & Roberts TJ 2008. Variable gearing in pennate muscles. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences. 105: 1745-1750.
  49. Dean MN, Azizi E, & Summers AP 2007. Uniform strain in broad muscles: Active and passive effects of the twisted tendon of the ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei. J. Experimental Biology. 210: 3395-3406.
  50. Azizi E, & Brainerd EL 2007. Architectural gear ratio and strain homogeneity in segmented musculature. J. Experimental Zoology A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology. 307 A: 145-155. (Cover illustration)
  51. Azizi E, Landberg T, and Wassersug, RJ 2007. Vertebral function during tadpole locomotion. Zoology.110: 290-297.
  52. Brainerd EL, & Azizi E 2005. Muscle fiber angle, segment bulging and gear ratio in segmented musculature. J. Experimental Biology. 208: 3249-3261.
  53. Ward AD, & Azizi E 2004. Convergent evolution of the head retraction startle response in elongate fishes and amphibians. Zoology. 107: 205-217.
  54. Azizi E, & *Horton JM 2004. Patterns of axial and appendicular movements during aquatic walking in the salamander, Siren lacertina. Zoology. 107: 111-120. 
  55. McHenry MJ, Azizi E, & *Strother JA 2003. The hydrodynamics of locomotion at intermediate Reynolds Numbers: Undulatory swimming in ascidian larvae (Botrylloides sp.). J. Experimental Biology. 206: 327-343. 
  56. Azizi E, Gillis GB, & Brainerd EL 2002. Morphology and mechanics of myosepta in a swimming salamander, Siren lacertina. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Molecular and Integrative Physiology. 133: 967-978. 
  57. Azizi E, & *Landberg T 2002. Effects of metamorphosis on the escape response of the two-lined salamander Eurycea bislineata. J. Experimental Biology. 205: 841-849. 

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